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Lead-acid batteries die in winter for two reasons: cold cuts the capacity they can deliver, and a partly discharged battery can freeze. Trojan Battery rates a deep-cycle battery at about 50% of...
Isopropyl alcohol (propan-2-ol, CAS 67-63-0) does not spoil. Sealed in its original container it is chemically stable for years. The expiration date on a drugstore bottle of rubbing alcohol exists because that...
Methanol (CH3OH, CAS 67-56-1) burns with a weak, pale blue flame that is nearly invisible to the naked eye in daylight. Hydrocarbon fuels burn yellow because their flames make soot, tiny carbon...
Polyester is almost always polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a plastic made by joining two raw materials: purified terephthalic acid (PTA) and monoethylene glycol (MEG), the same ethylene glycol molecule used in antifreeze. Each...
Most data center glycol loop problems are not degraded glycol. The twelve failure modes that account for nearly all of them are: make-up water ingress, inhibitor depletion, microbiological growth in dilute loops,...
Ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂, CAS 107-21-1, also called MEG or 1,2-ethanediol) is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting liquid best known as the working ingredient in engine antifreeze and industrial coolant. Blended with water it...
Yes, bleach expires. Bleach is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, CAS 7681-52-9) dissolved in water, and it decomposes continuously from the day it is made - mainly into salt (NaCl) and sodium chlorate (NaClO₃)....
Sodium hypochlorite is the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, with the chemical formula NaOCl and CAS number 7681-52-9. It was first produced in 1820 by Antoine Germain Labarraque, who dissolved chlorine in...
Potassium hydroxide (KOH, CAS 1310-58-3) is sold in the United States through industrial chemical distributors, laboratory suppliers and online chemical retailers. Order Technical Grade where the caustic is consumed by the process...
Potassium hydroxide (KOH, CAS 1310-58-3) is a strong inorganic base, also called caustic potash or potash lye, sold as white flakes, pellets, powder or solution. It is one of the two chemicals...
Phosphorus is a chemical element (symbol P, atomic number 15) first discovered in 1669 by Hennig Brand in Hamburg, who isolated it by boiling down large quantities of human urine while searching...
Bleach is a water solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), typically at 5–6% concentration for household use, with the remainder being water and a small amount of sodium hydroxide to stabilize pH. Sodium...
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4, CAS 7664-38-2) is a mineral acid made from mined phosphate rock and used in food in two distinct ways: directly as an acidulant and acidity regulator (E338, GRAS under...
Caustic soda is sodium hydroxide, a strong alkali with the formula NaOH and CAS number 1310-73-2. Produced by electrolysis of salt water, it is always generated alongside chlorine in a fixed ratio...
Bioreactor CIP chemistry is the use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and nitric or phosphoric acid in a five-stage clean-in-place cycle for precision fermentation equipment. The process runs a pre-rinse, a caustic wash...
Rare earth elements are extracted from ore using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, CAS 7664-93-9) or hydrochloric acid (HCl, CAS 7647-01-0), depending on the ore. Monazite is typically baked with concentrated sulfuric acid at...
Ethyl acetate (CAS 141-78-6) boils at 77.1°C (171°F) and isopropyl acetate (CAS 108-21-4, C₅H₁₀O₂) boils at 88.6°C (191.5°F) at atmospheric pressure, so isopropyl acetate is the slower-evaporating of the two. It also...
A bulk chemical supplier is a distributor that buys chemicals in tank-car or truckload volume, repackages them into pails, drums, totes and cases, and sells them in quantities a plant or lab...
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