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New Orleans gets all of its drinking water from the Mississippi River, which drains 41% of the lower 48 states. The Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans (SWBNO) cleans it up...
The Hypo helmet was the first gas mask issued in bulk to British and Canadian troops in the First World War. It was a flannel hood soaked in a solution of sodium...
Deionized water (DI water, H₂O, CAS 7732-18-5) is water whose dissolved mineral ions have been exchanged out over ion-exchange resin, leaving essentially H₂O plus any non-ionic material the process was never designed...
Ignaz Semmelweis (1818–1865) was the Hungarian obstetrician who introduced antiseptic handwashing in 1847 at the Vienna General Hospital, requiring doctors to scrub in chlorinated lime solution between autopsies and deliveries. Average monthly...
Sodium hypochlorite is the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, with the chemical formula NaOCl and CAS number 7681-52-9. It was first produced in 1820 by Antoine Germain Labarraque, who dissolved chlorine in...
Hydrochloric acid (HCl, CAS 7647-01-0) is the acid nuclear vessels and their support facilities rely on to regenerate the cation ion-exchange resins inside water demineralizers — the beds that turn distilled seawater...
Muriatic acid is a commercial name for hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions, typically sold at concentrations between 14.5% and 31.45% (20° Baumé), and is widely used to lower pool pH and total alkalinity....
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, CAS 7722-84-1) does oxidize and break down algae, which is why it is a real chlorine-free pool treatment — but it is an oxidizer, not a residual sanitizer, and...
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, CAS 7681-52-9) — liquid chlorine bleach — is the workhorse oxidizing biocide for recirculating cooling-tower water. Dosed to an ORP/free-chlorine setpoint (commonly ~0.5 ppm free chlorine continuous, with periodic shock...
Hydrofluorosilicic acid (HFS, H2SiF6, CAS 16961-83-4) is a corrosive, ~23% aqueous fluorine acid recovered as a byproduct of phosphate-fertilizer manufacturing. About 63% of U.S. supply goes to municipal water fluoridation, but it...
Shocking a pool without chlorine involves using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a chlorine-free oxidizer that breaks down into water and oxygen without forming chloramines or trihalomethanes. For pool treatment, the industry-standard concentration is...
Magnesium chloride is an inorganic salt with the formula MgCl₂, most commonly supplied as magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl₂·6H₂O, CAS 7791-18-6, molecular weight 203.30 g/mol). It is highly soluble in water (542 g/L...
Pool chemicals are basic industrial chemicals used for water maintenance, including sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, 12.5%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 31.45%), soda ash (sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), boric acid, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂,...
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a class of over 12,000 synthetic chemicals characterized by strong carbon-fluorine bonds, making them persistent in the environment and resistant to natural degradation. Used in nonstick...
Sodium metabisulfite is an inorganic compound with the formula Na₂S₂O₅ and CAS number 7681-57-4. It is a white crystalline powder with a strong sulfur dioxide odor, a molecular weight of 190.11 g/mol,...
Hydrogen peroxide pool treatment is a chlorine-free method for maintaining swimming pools and hot tubs using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, formula 2 H₂O₂ → 2 H₂O + O₂) as an oxidizer. Hydrogen peroxide...
Cooling tower water treatment is the process of using industrial chemicals to control mineral scale, corrosion, and microbiological fouling in cooling water systems. Key chemicals include Sulfuric Acid 93% (CAS 7664-93-9, boiling...
After 20+ years supplying Ammonium Hydroxide to research labs, government facilities, and manufacturers, we've learned one critical lesson: the product is only as reliable as the supplier behind it.Not every application needs...
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