Alliance Chemical Resource Library

Chemical & Product GuidesAug 17, 202614 min read

Who Discovered Ammonia? The Salt of Ammon and a 1,900-Year-Old Naming Mistake

Ammonia is a nitrogen-hydrogen compound with the formula NH3 and CAS number 7664-41-7. It was first isolated as a gas by Joseph Priestley in 1774, named...

Safety & HandlingAug 6, 202614 min read

Where to Buy Nitric Acid: Grades, Concentrations, Licensing and Shipping Explained

Nitric acid (HNO₃, CAS 7697-37-2) can be bought in the United States without any federal purchase licence — it is not a DEA-listed chemical. What gates...

Water & EnvironmentalJun 19, 202615 min read

Sodium Hydroxide in Direct Air Capture: How Caustic Soda Pulls CO₂ From the Sky

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, CAS 1310-73-2) is the low-cost, most-studied alkaline absorbent for liquid direct air capture (DAC). It pulls carbon dioxide straight out of ambient air...

Emerging TechnologyJun 17, 202615 min read

Acetone in Carbon Fiber & Composite Manufacturing: Surface Prep, Cleanup, Grades & Recycling

Acetone (C3H6O, CAS 67-64-1) is the workhorse solvent of carbon-fiber and advanced-composite fabrication. It is used to degrease molds and tooling, clean and prep cured laminate...

Emerging TechnologyJun 9, 202615 min read

Isopropyl Alcohol in Semiconductor Manufacturing: Wafer Cleaning, Marangoni Drying & Grade Selection

Isopropyl alcohol (IPA, C3H8O, CAS 67-63-0) is the highest-volume cleaning and drying solvent in semiconductor manufacturing. It is used as the final-rinse solvent and the drying...

Chemical & Product GuidesJun 3, 202614 min read

Hydrochloric Acid 37%: ACS Reagent vs Technical Grade — Which Purity Do You Actually Need?

Hydrochloric acid 37% (HCl, CAS 7647-01-0) is concentrated, fuming hydrochloric acid — about 12 molar and the strongest standard grade sold. The two grades that matter...

Industrial ApplicationsMay 29, 202615 min read

The Vinegar Dilution Guide: What 10%, 30%, 50% & 75% Acetic Acid Each Do — and How to Mix Any Strength

Concentrated vinegar is a water solution of acetic acid (CH₃COOH, CAS 64-19-7) at a strength higher than the 5% you buy in a grocery store. "X%...

Safety & HandlingMay 26, 202616 min read

Ammonium Bifluoride (NH₄HF₂): The Complete Guide to Flakes, ACS Grade, Aluminum Brightening & Glass Etching

Ammonium bifluoride is the solid acid salt NH₄HF₂ (CAS 1341-49-7), a white crystalline flake material that releases hydrofluoric acid in situ when dissolved in water. It...

Emerging TechnologyMay 22, 202613 min read

Perchloroethylene (PCE): The Complete B2B Guide to Vapor Degreasing, Grades, Safety & Post-TSCA Sourcing

Compliance update. The WCPP dates in this guide have moved: EPA extends the PCE and carbon tetrachloride compliance dates to 2027 — published July 28, 2026,...

Chemical & Product GuidesMay 18, 202617 min read

Nitric Acid Fed Half the World, Powered Apollo, and Cracked Dynamite Wide Open

Nitric acid (HNO3, CAS 7697-37-2) is a strong mineral acid responsible for roughly 80% of the world's synthetic nitrogen fertilizer via ammonium nitrate — chemistry that...

Industrial ApplicationsMay 12, 202615 min read

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK): The Solvent Behind Every Copper Penny, Mining Frother & Industrial Coatings Guide

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) is the frother behind 60%+ of US copper, moly, and gold mining. Complete guide to chemistry, uses, grades, and safety.

Safety & HandlingMay 7, 202617 min read

Ammonium Hydroxide 29%: The Complete Guide to NH₄OH Uses, Grades & Safety

Ammonium hydroxide 29% is an aqueous solution of ammonia gas (NH₃) in water, existing in dynamic equilibrium with a small fraction ionized, and is commonly labeled...

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