Product Overview
Alliance Chemical supplies Hydrochloric Acid 31% ACS Grade, an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl, CAS 7647-01-0) prepared by dilution of ACS Reagent Grade hydrochloric acid with deionized water. It is a clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a pungent, irritating odor, supplied at a nominal 31% w/w concentration so that operations receive a ready-to-use strength without diluting concentrated acid on site.
Because the solution is made from ACS Reagent Grade feedstock and deionized water, it carries the low trace-impurity profile of the ACS article rather than the wider tolerances of a technical grade — the practical difference between the two grades is impurity content, not strength.
Why This Grade
The ACS Reagent Chemicals monograph for hydrochloric acid specifies an assay of 36.5–38.0% together with the trace-impurity ceilings below. That assay band describes the concentrated article; this product is the diluted 31% strength prepared from it, so the impurity limits apply proportionally while the assay is the nominal 31%. Where a procedure calls for the undiluted ACS article, order Hydrochloric Acid 37% ACS Reagent Grade.
- Color (APHA)
- 10
- Residue after ignition
- 5 ppm
- Free chlorine (Cl)
- 1 ppm
- Sulfate (SO₄)
- 1 ppm
- Sulfite (SO₃)
- 1 ppm
- Ammonium (NH₄)
- 3 ppm
- Arsenic (As)
- 0.01 ppm
- Heavy metals (as Pb)
- 1 ppm
- Iron (Fe)
- 0.2 ppm
ACS Reagent Chemicals limits for the concentrated article, shown as the basis for this dilution.
Chemical Profile
- CAS Number
- 7647-01-0
- Chemical Formula
- HCl
- Molecular Weight
- 36.46 g/mol
- Concentration
- 31% w/w
- Grade
- ACS Reagent Grade
- Appearance
- Clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid
- Odor
- Pungent, irritating
- pH
- <1
- Specific Gravity (20 °C)
- 1.155
- Boiling Point
- ~85-90 °C (fumes)
- Melting Point
- < -40 °C
- Flash Point
- Not flammable
- Solubility in Water
- Miscible
Industrial Applications
- Metal pickling and descaling
- Chemical synthesis and pH control
- Oil- and gas-well acidizing
- Ion-exchange resin regeneration
- Industrial-strength cleaning and surface preparation
Hazmat & Shipping
Shipped as UN1789, Hydrochloric acid, Class 8, PG II. GHS signal word Danger: May be corrosive to metals; Causes severe skin burns and eye damage; May cause respiratory irritation. All packaging is UN-rated for the assigned packing group, and every shipment shows the required Class 8 corrosive labeling and markings. Drums, totes and pallet quantities move by LTL freight; smaller packages ship ground.
Handling & Storage
Store in the original closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from metals, alkalis, oxidizers and cyanides. Use corrosion-resistant containment — HDPE, PVC, PTFE, PVDF, borosilicate glass or FRP; do not use ordinary carbon steel, aluminum or copper alloys. Wear chemical splash goggles, a face shield, acid-resistant gloves and protective clothing, and work with adequate ventilation. Always add acid to water, never water to acid.
Order & Documentation
Every order ships with a Safety Data Sheet. The current SDS (English, French, Spanish and Japanese), Technical Data Sheet and a sample certificate are published at docs.alliancechemical.com. Lot-specific certificates are available on request.
Why Buy from Alliance Chemical
Alliance Chemical blends, packages and ships hydrochloric acid solutions from our facility in Taylor, Texas. Packaging runs from 1 quart to 330-gallon IBC totes, so the same material and the same documentation follow you from bench testing to full production. For volume pricing or a freight quote, contact our sales team.
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