Alliance Chemical Resource Library

Chemical & Product GuidesSep 14, 202617 min read

How Is Citric Acid Made? The 1917 Mold Discovery That Replaced Lemons

Citric acid (C6H8O7, CAS 77-92-9) is made commercially by fermentation, not by squeezing lemons. About 99% of world supply comes from microbial fermentation, mostly with the...

Industry NewsJul 23, 20268 min read

US Duties on Citric Acid from Canada & India: What the 2026 Trade Case Means for Buyers

On June 26, 2026 the US Commerce Department set preliminary countervailing duties on citric acid from Canada (16.50%) and India (63.88%). A separate antidumping ruling with...

Chemical & Product GuidesMay 28, 202615 min read

Rust Removers Ranked: Which Acid Actually Works Best?

The best rust remover depends on the job. Oxalic acid (a strong, iron-selective chelator) and phosphoric acid (which converts rust into a paint-ready protective coating) outperform...

Industrial ApplicationsFeb 17, 202614 min read

The Complete Guide to Acid Cleaning Copper Coils & Heat Exchangers

Acid cleaning of copper coils and heat exchangers is an industrial process that removes mineral scale and corrosion byproducts using acids such as phosphoric acid (CAS...

Emerging TechnologyOct 20, 202515 min read

Why Proper Stainless Steel Passivation Matters

Stainless steel passivation is a chemical process that removes surface contaminants and promotes the formation of a stable chromium oxide layer (Cr₂O₃) to protect against corrosion....

Industrial ApplicationsMay 5, 20259 min read

How to Descale an Espresso Machine With Citric Acid: Ratios & Steps

Discover how to use food-grade citric acid to effectively descale your espresso machine at a fraction of the cost of commercial products. This comprehensive guide provides...

Industrial ApplicationsAug 24, 202315 min read

Citric Acid: Beyond the Citrus Zest

Citric acid is a weak organic acid with the chemical formula C₆H₈O₇ and a molecular weight of 192.12 g/mol, naturally present in citrus fruits and produced...

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