Chemical laboratory

Ammonium Hydroxide

29% Solution for Laboratory and Industrial Applications

  • CAS Mixture
  • Formula NH₃ in H₂O (29% w/w)
  • Flash Pt N/A °C
  • Density 0.8975 g/cm³ (29% solution)
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Physical & Chemical Properties

Property Value Unit
Boiling point 38 °C (29% solution) °C
Flash point N/A °C
Density 0.8975 g/cm³ (29% solution) g/cm³
Solubility Miscible with water -
Ph 11.7 (0.1 M solution) -
Molecular weight 35.05 g/mol (NH4OH) g/mol
Melting point -57.5 °C (29% solution) °C
Vapor pressure 115 mmHg at 20°C (25% solution) mmHg
Autoignition temp N/A -
Appearance Clear, colorless liquid -
Odor Pungent, irritating -
Vapor density 0.6 (air = 1) (Ammonia) g/cm³

Overview

Ammonium hydroxide is an aqueous solution of ammonia gas (NH₃) in water, commonly available as a 29% weight/weight solution. This clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic pungent odor serves as a versatile alkaline reagent across numerous industrial and laboratory applications. With a high pH of 11.7 in dilute solutions and excellent water miscibility, ammonium hydroxide functions effectively as a neutralizing agent, cleaning solution, and chemical precursor in various manufacturing processes.

Key Applications

  • Laboratory Operations: Essential reagent for analytical chemistry, pH adjustment, and precipitation reactions in research and quality control laboratories
  • Industrial Cleaning: Powerful degreasing and cleaning agent for metal surfaces, equipment maintenance, and facility sanitation
  • Textile Processing: Used in fabric treatment, dyeing operations, and fiber processing to achieve desired chemical properties
  • Wastewater Treatment: Effective neutralizing agent for acidic waste streams and pH control in municipal and industrial water treatment facilities

Safety & Handling

Ammonium hydroxide is non-flammable with no flash point, but requires careful handling due to its corrosive nature and irritating vapors. Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection when handling. Ensure adequate ventilation to prevent vapor accumulation, as the solution has a vapor pressure of 115 mmHg at 20°C. The pungent, irritating odor serves as a natural warning of exposure.

Storage & Shelf Life

Store in tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers away from heat sources and incompatible materials such as acids, oxidizers, and aluminum. Maintain storage temperatures below 38°C to prevent excessive vapor generation. The solution should be kept in well-ventilated areas to manage vapor release. When properly stored, ammonium hydroxide maintains its effectiveness for extended periods, though regular concentration testing is recommended for critical applications.

Why Alliance Chemical

Alliance Chemical provides reliable supply of high-quality Ammonium Hydroxide with same-day shipping from our Taylor, Texas facility. We offer flexible delivery options including UPS, LTL, and full truckload shipments to meet your volume requirements. Every order includes comprehensive Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and Certificate of Analysis (COA) documentation to ensure regulatory compliance and product verification for your operations.

Shipping & Availability

Parcel Shipping

UPS Ground supports pints, quarts, and most 1-gallon packages nationwide.

LTL Freight

5-gallon pails, drums, and totes move via LTL carriers such as ABF Freight, SEFL, Saia, and XPO.

Full Truckload

FTL available for palletized bulk orders. Competitive freight rates.

Local Pickup

Same-day pickup at our Taylor, TX warehouse for Texas customers.

SDS, COA, and TDS available for every product • Same-day shipping on orders before 1 PM CT

Frequently Asked Questions

What is ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) and what is it used for?
Ammonium hydroxide (CAS 1336-21-6, formula NH4OH) is an aqueous solution of ammonia used as a caustic, alkaline reagent. It is employed in industrial processes and laboratories for pH control, chemical synthesis, metal finishing, and general industrial cleaning applications.
How should ammonium hydroxide be stored and what is its shelf life?
Store in a cool, well‑ventilated area in tightly closed compatible containers away from acids, oxidizers and heat sources. When kept sealed and properly stored, 29% ammonia solutions are generally stable for months to years; verify shelf life with the supplier or Certificate of Analysis (COA).
What are the primary safety and handling precautions for ammonium hydroxide?
Ammonium hydroxide is corrosive and emits pungent ammonia vapors that can irritate eyes, skin and respiratory tract; use chemical‑resistant gloves, eye/face protection and local exhaust or fume hood. Follow the product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for spill response, first aid, and appropriate personal protective equipment.
What does a 29% concentration mean and how does concentration affect use?
A 29% ammonium hydroxide is a concentrated industrial grade (weight/weight) aqueous ammonia; higher concentrations increase alkalinity, vapor pressure and corrosivity. Lower concentrations are used for laboratory work or diluted cleaning solutions, while concentrated grades require stricter handling, storage and shipping controls.
What documentation is available for ammonium hydroxide?
Suppliers typically provide a Safety Data Sheet (SDS), Certificate of Analysis (COA) with batch concentration and impurity data, and a Technical Data Sheet (TDS) describing typical properties and recommended uses. Request these documents before purchase and keep them available for compliance and safety planning.
How is ammonium hydroxide shipped and what packaging options exist?
Ammonium hydroxide is transported as an ammonia solution (commonly referenced under UN 2672) and is classified as corrosive; shipping must comply with local hazardous materials regulations and carrier requirements. Common packaging includes HDPE drums, lined steel drums, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) and smaller bottles, with options for vented or sealed closures depending on concentration and transport mode.
What materials are compatible or incompatible with ammonium hydroxide?
Compatible materials typically include stainless steels (304/316), polyethylene and polypropylene for storage and piping at common concentrations. Avoid copper, brass, zinc and certain elastomers (e.g., natural rubber, some neoprenes), and assess metals and seals for stress‑corrosion susceptibility at your specific concentration and temperature.
What are the key technical specifications for 29% ammonium hydroxide?
Key identifiers are CAS 1336-21-6 and formula NH4OH; the typical commercial concentration is 29% w/w aqueous ammonia. The product is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong ammonia odor and is strongly alkaline; request a COA for exact concentration, density and impurity limits.
Which industries and applications commonly use ammonium hydroxide?
Industries using ammonium hydroxide include chemical manufacturing, metal finishing, water treatment, pulp and paper, textiles and research laboratories for pH adjustment, ammoniation, cleaning and intermediate chemistry. It is widely used where a soluble alkaline reagent or ammonia source is required.
How can I purchase ammonium hydroxide and what should I ask suppliers?
Purchase from chemical distributors or manufacturers, specifying required concentration (e.g., 29%), packaging, minimum order quantity and delivery conditions. Ask suppliers for SDS, COA, lead time, storage recommendations, regulatory documents and any transport or import restrictions that may apply to your region.

Documentation & Downloads

Safety Data Sheet
SDS / MSDS
Request COA
Certificate of Analysis
Technical Data Sheet (TDS)
Available for all products

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